Looking To The Future 1984 :: essays research papers

Looking to the Future 1984 "WAR IS PEACE FFREEDOM IS SLAVERY IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH"(Orwell 3). It is the year 1984 in London, Oceania. Winston Smith is one of many people in Orwell’s prediction of the world in the future but is today’s past. The world appears as a dark and fearful place where the only rhyme or reason is created by Big Brother, ruler of the state and the head member of the Party. All of the above phrases in the slogan show the power which is given to the Party (government). The best description lies in the Newspeak word doublethink. "Doublethink means the power of holding to contradictory beliefs in one’s mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. The Party intellectual knows in which direction his memories must be altered; he therefore knows that he is playing tricks with reality; but by the exercise of doublethink he also satisfies himself that reality is not violated"(Orwell 190). Many descriptions similar to this are given in the book and help explain the way in which the socialist government of Oceania operates. It explains how a strong ruler can manipulate facts to fit his or her own intentions, which is often what socialist rulers may have done and still may do. Many of the ideas in 1984 were written to show predictions of what the world might be like if people did not question and act on what was happening around them. Orwell wrote 1984 after World War II when socialist governments which had gone wrong, like Russia, were becoming a powerful force in the world. Orwell, having once fought against Communist Russia, saw how much of a dangerous power they could become in the future, and in turn found it necessary to inform readers of what the future could hold. 1984 is his idea of what a country, such as England in this book, would be like if a socialist government came into power. He writes of the control that can be presented by a ruler by fear. A ruler can use fear to suppress a person’s ideas and make him or her believe what a ruler thinks or says. A good example of this is at the end when Winston has been caught and is relearning how to obey and never doubt Big Brother. "TWO AND TWO MAKE FIVE"(Orwell 247). This was used in the context that Winston would believe whatever he was told. Whether it be this mathematical equation or who Oceania was at war with, he would believe it because of the fear of torture.

Cannibalism Among Dinosaurs :: Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers

Cannibalism Among Dinosaurs Typically, when an individual browses through various newspapers or watches the evening news they are most likely to see or hear some new and groundbreaking news concerning a scientific breakthrough. As I was looking through various scientific journals I came across an article that caught my eye for numerous reasons, but one in particular. The heading of the article read, â€Å"Cannibal dinosaurs revealed by tooth marks.† These prehistoric creatures that have been viewed by the public for centuries as being wild and ferocious beasts, are presently being seen more then just that. Recent evidence originating in Madagascar is leading researches in the direction that dinosaurs consumption of food did not strictly adhere to the food chain but instead fed amongst their own kind. This recent discovery has left scientists with many questions to be answered. The discovery is quite important because any research up until now has failed to uncover any evidence that would reveal that dinosaurs fed among their own kind. Ray Rogers whom has been leading the ten-year excavation states in the article that there are at least 14 current day animals that still practice cannibalism such as lions, komodo dragons, crocodiles, hyenas, black bears and grasshopper mice, but in contrast, any evidence of cannibalism among dinosaurs is sparse. This article was also particularly interesting to me because this is a recent find and there is little to no literature published concerning the idea that dinosaurs may have been cannibals. This is a new fossil find in which makes any and all research being administered equally as important. The time period of these fossils date back nearly 65 to 75 million years ago to the late –Cretaceous period when dinosaurs neared the end of their existence on earth. The fossils that have been discovered that tend to persuade researchers to believe dinosaurs were cannibals have been located in Northwest Madagascar’s bone beds. Rogers states, â€Å" Fossilized soil samples from the same region are red and oxidized, hinting that the area was arid, with food in short supply. The animals may have traveled to the river to find sustenance and died there.

An Analysis of Fairy Tales Essay -- Literary Analysis

Sagas about princes and princesses, beauty, magic, and love, fairy tales like Snow White and Cinderella among others have become children’s favorite bedtime stories. However, as parents tuck their sons and daughters in, they fail to realize that there is a much more daunting purpose to these stories. American writer and poet, Jane Yolen suggests that fairy tales indicate life values. Furthermore, Yolen insists that these tales are â€Å"thumbprints of history† (Yolen 27). Studying fairy tales in depth, she proves that the â€Å"functions of myths† consist of â€Å"creating a landscape of allusion [and] enabling us to understand our own and out culture from inside out† (Yolen 18). Yolen confirms that these stories comment on, â€Å"the abstract truths of our common human existence† (Yolen 18). To Yolen, fairy tales inform the audience about significant themes and historical events. Jack Zipes, a retired professor, has lectured on the subject of fairy tales and folklore for many years. Zipes maintains that fairy tales are far from harmless and play a much larger role in society. In fact, he concludes that â€Å"the creative purpose and major themes of the folk tales did not concern harmony but the depictions of changing social structures† (Zipes). Moreover, he insists that â€Å"might makes right† as the ideas in a particular fairy tale usually display the beliefs of the dominating class (Zipes). According to Zipes, â€Å"central to most tales is the concept of power† (Zipes). Furthermore, Zipes argues that fairy tales frequently present elitist and sexist views. Zipes argues that fairy tales reflect the views of the dominating class, often mocking the minorities of a given community. As stated by Jane Yolen and Jack Zipes, fairy tales play a much greater ro... ...h much more significant themes and truly enlighten people (Yolen 36). â€Æ' Work Cited Tatar, Maria. â€Å"Jack Zipes: Breaking the Disney Spell.† The Classic Fairy tales. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1999. 332-352. Yolen, Jane. â€Å"How Basic Is Shazam?†Touch Magic: Fantasy, Faerie and Folklore in Literature of Childhood. Little Rock: August House Publisher Inc., 2000. 13-19. Yolen, Jane. â€Å"Once Upon a Time.† Touch Magic: Fantasy, Faerie and Folklore in Literature of Childhood. Little Rock: August House Publisher Inc., 2000. 27-36. Zipes, Jack David. Breaking the Magic Spell: Radical Theories of Folk and Fairy Tales. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2002. Zipes, Jack. â€Å"On the Use and Abuse of Fold and fairy Tale with Children: Bruno Bettelheim’s Moralistic magic wand.† Literature Resource Center. Gale, 2007. Web. 18 Feb 2010.

Findings †secondary research Essay

The Bank of China was established in 1912 and thus has a long history of experience in the Chinese banking industry. The bank gained velocity in 1994, after it assumed the role of a state owned commercial bank and in 2003. The liberalization of Chinese economy and the growth of the banking sector has seen rapid growth of Chinese banks into self sustaining institutions of profit despite state control. Bank of China has been quick to adapt to these changes and has thus benefited over the years. The overall business profile of the Bank of China involves, commercial to include corporate as well as retail banking. In addition it has engaged in treasury business as well as conducts financial institutions banking. The corporate banking segment provides financial services to customers with a view to provide them total solutions for all their financial requirements. (About Bank of China,. 2006). On the other hand retail banking is designed to provide customers personal banking services to include savings deposits, credit carts and to the high value customers wealth management business. The treasury business segment includes provision of facilities for currency trading, management of funds, secured debts, financing within and overseas and other ancillary fund management services. As a banking financial institution, the Bank of China provides clearing, lending between banks and custodian services to banks, brokerage houses, funds and insurance operators. The bank claims to be customer centered and has a rich experience of providing banking services, thereby establishing its credentials in the rapidly growing Chinese economy. It is thus providing a complete range of services for personal as well as business banking. HSBC as a prime component of the HSBC group has a vast experience and presence in the global banking industry. HSBC has enhanced its global presence over the years by dynamically adjusting to the growing challenge of fitting in global services in a local World with typical local needs. Thus it fashions itself as the Worlds local bank. HSBC provides a wide range of personal and business banking packages on a variety of platforms to provide value based services to the customer. These have been covered in detail in the previous chapter. To highlight the same a view of the wide range of business insurance packages that have been made available by the bank, to include virtually all the possible contingencies for which insurance is required by business such as small business for turnover less than ? 1 million or less than 10 employees, commercial packaged insurance, customer packaged insurance, business car insurance, keyman insurance for principals in the business should indicate the depth of services provided by it. The insurance package also covers share holders and partners, professional indemnity and trade credit. It is therefore evident that HSBC has been providing complete banking solutions for individuals as well as corporate. Questionnaire to Customers – Bank of China and HSBC The researcher prepared a questionnaire related to the study and 40 clients across a wide cross section of personal and corporate customers were requested to take part in it. These included 10 customers each from Bank of China and HSBC, London. The questionnaire is at Appendix. Multiple choices have been provided to the respondents to ease response as well as collation and analysis. Detailed findings on response to questionnaire are as given below.

Conditions Under Which Decisions Are Made Essay

In that way you already have measures in place knowing that should you be in an accident you will have an alternative transport whilst your car is being fixed. Also when you buy a TV, you are usually given one year guarantee and you can get more years at an extra cost. In this instance you know that should the year be over and you had added two years more, and your TV has a problem maybe in the second year, you can take it back as it will still be under guarantee because you would have added more years to cover it. Risk This is when individuals can define a problem, specify the probability of certain events, identify alternative solutions, and state the probability of each solution leading to the desired result. Like in the case of construction, the construction cost overrun risk has a possibility that during the design and construction phase, the actual project costs will exceed projected costs as a result of weather, supplier’s shortage, labour and subcontractor performance. In this case the probability that this will happen will be dependent on past weather records, and experience of the contractor. A decision is made under risk when a supervisor or superior can list all possibilities of outcomes with the decision that has been made and state the probability of each outcome. There are two types of probabilities, there is an objective probability whereby the supervisor or manager assigns probability based on experience or similar situations and there is a subjective probability whereby the supervisor or manager has little experience with a the decision made or no data at all. This type of probability is based on personal experience or gut feel. For example, a manager decides to spend R2500. 00 on a shoe advertisement believing there are three possible outcomes for the advertisement, a 30% chance the advertisement will have only a small effect on sales, a 50% chance of a moderate effect, and a 20% chance of a very large effect. This decision is made under risk because the manager can list each potential outcome and determine the probability of each outcome occurring. Uncertainty This is when an individual does not have the necessary information to assign probabilities to the outcomes of alternative solutions. In cases of uncertainty the alternative solutions and problems are both unclear. Uncertainty exists when a decision maker cannot list all possible outcomes and/or cannot assign probabilities to the various outcomes. When faced with uncertainty, a manager would know only the different decision options available and the different possible states of nature. The states of nature are the future events or conditions that can influence the final outcome or payoff of a decision but cannot be controlled or affected by the manager. An example of a decision made under uncertainty would be, for a company in South Africa to open a branch say in Zambia producing products that have never been sold in that country. In this instance the is uncertainty as to whether the product will sell or not because they are not sure how the people of that country will receive hence a lot of money will be put in that project.

Pursasive Paper on Why College Gap Years Are a Good Thing.

Another reason gap years are a good thing is that is enforces responsibility. When a student wants to undergo a gap year there are a lot of steps and processes that need to be made. Some might say that this might just overwhelm the student anyways, but it will not. It helps the students understand the responsibilities to have this goal of their pursued. Gap years, like stated before, are not just for getting out of school work for a year. By organizing your own gap year you are forced to take ownership and responsibility of your plan.You will have to decide where you are going to go, what exactly you are going to do and how you are going to pay for your trip. You may have to make your own travel plans and living arrangements. You are ultimately responsible for all the details that go into making your gap year dream become a reality. A gap year student, Ashley Jamkins, graduate from University of Arkansas 2011 says, â€Å"When I first discussed gap year with my parents I did not real ize just how much planning and organizing was going to be needed to make this happen.I am thankful though, because it made me an all-around better organized person in all aspects, not just in my schooling. † (Green). College is a child’s first time away from home, where no one is going to tell them to go do the work that needs to be done, planning a gap year and pursuing one definitely helps students get their head around being self-motivated and self-organized to get what they need to get done accomplished.Every parent’s worst nightmare is seeing their son or daughter get kicked out of school because they were lacking in school work and responsibilities. Gap years only help in the following fall for the responsibility students will not only need in college, but the rest of their lives. In conclusion, Students who take a gap year tend to be self-motivated, not afraid of taking a risk, not bound by conventions and open to explore their interests and discover their passions.

Rommel and Eisenhower

Complexity Within Simplicity The battle itself took the duration of a few days but was one of the most intense and fearsome battles in all of WWII. It took place in North Africa between the Allies (British + Americans) and the Axis (German+ Italian) powers. The battle was called the Battle of El Alamein and it held a high significance since it took place in Alam el Halfa, which is next to the Suez Canal that was the Allies’ main means of transporting and receiving food.This was essentially a last stand for the allies as the German-Italian forces kept advancing and conquering and showed no signs of stopping until all of Africa was under their control. However, they were stopped by the by two major generals- Eisenhower and Montgomery who led the allies to victory in North Africa. Though the battle itself was fierce, it was the military tactics and mentalities of Erwin Rommel, Dwight Eisenhower, and Bernard Montgomery that made it so interesting and complex. Bernard Montgomery wa s put in charge of the Eighth Army, while the main general in command for the Allies was Dwight Eisenhower.Winston Churchill assigned them both their positions. On the 30 of August 1942, Erwin Rommel (the German Commander) attacked the Eighth Army at Alam el Halfa (â€Å"The Battle of El Alamein†). The battle consisted of mostly soldiers from Germans and Italians versus the British and the Americans. It was crucial for the Allies to hold their position at Alam el Halfa because that was where the Suez Canal was located. (The Suez Canal was the supply route for the Allies so if they lost their foothold over it, they would have lost their supplies and the last firm grasp that they had in the continent of North Africa.Also, it would become extremely tough for them to regain after losing it and still be able to push back the Germans, â€Å"The Battle of El Alamein†). The Allies likewise followed the same strategy-to cut off the German supply route (â€Å"The Battle of El A lamein†). The Allies withstood the attack and fortified their defenses. They increased their army size and weaponry (tanks) and soon the German men were outnumbered 110,000 to 200,000 and their tanks outnumbered 500 to 1,0000 (â€Å"The Battle of El Alamein†). Despite the outnumbered battalions, Rommel stood and fought.Being a high-prestige, high ranked Field Marshall, Rommel understood how battles worked. After all, the road to his rank of Field Marshall was not easy. Rommel first took part in battle during WWI against the Italians. One of his most famous achievements was on Lucia Savogna road, In Italy. It was indeed a remarkable feat. Rommel and his men had been marching and quickly conquering their way into parts of Italy and destroying any resistance that came with it. After cutting deep into Italy, and stopping at a village named Luico, his army decided to rest briefly and let the rest of the army units and reinforcements catch up.Then, one of the men spotted some thing in the distance moving towards them. Rommel told one of his men to check out the surrounding sight. After checking, he told Rommel that several resistance forces of the Italian military were on their way towards them. Rommel quickly spread this information with all of his soldiers and told them to prepare for battle. Though Rommel’s men only numbered to about 150, Rommel knew he had to stand. It was a huge gamble at the time because had they lost the battle, Rommel’s campaign would’ve ended and the remaining reinforcements that were on their way, also would’ve been destroyed.However, Rommel took the gamble, and positioned machine guns around the site of the battle, and ordered his men to shoot on his cue. After the Italian army (numbering to about 2,000 men) arrived. A messenger was sent to Rommel to reconsider his decision and stand down. However, Rommel refused to do such a thing. Soon after, Rommel blew his whistle and opened fire. Within minutes , the Italian resistance had been disintegrated and crushed. Rommel’s enemy had lost their entire army to an army less than one-tenth of their size (SHOWALTER, DENNIS. â€Å"What Made Rommel ROMMEL†).Rommel’s decision had been a huge gamble but being the intelligent leader that he was, he understood the importance of winning and how he needed to win the battle at any cost. During the battle of El Alamein, Rommel’s army had pushed the allies to near defeat: conquering most of North Africa, then proceeding to expel the allies from Africa by cutting off their supply line from the Suez Canal, near El Alamein. Rommel’s favorite attack strategy for most battles was a sort of entrapment. He would create a hollow circle with his battalions and leave the center of the circle open.In this manner, he would fool his enemies into landing into the center, and fighting outwards. Most of Rommel’s enemies figured that Rommel wouldn’t suspect such an a ttack, but in reality, this would be Rommel’s plan all along (Paris, Michael. â€Å"El Alamein, The People's Battle). After landing in the center of the circle, Rommel would encircle his enemy with his forces and crush them. Rommel had planned to use this method of entrapment against the allies at the battle of El Alamein. However, General Montgomery and Eisenhower, the two main generals in charge of the battle of El Alamein during WWII were well aware of Rommel’s strategy.When Rommel had formed his circle to bait the allies into landing in the center, Montgomery and Eisenhower planned to put fake tanks in the center- to counter-bait Rommel and fool him into thinking that there is a legitimate army force located in the center. Ike and Monty (Eisenhower and Montgomery’s nicknames, Heydt, Bruce. â€Å"The General And The Field Marshal†) planned on attacking the north end of the circle after Rommel command a large number of his forces to attack the fake tan ks located in the center (Paris, Michael. El Alamein, The People's Battle†) Sure enough, the plan had worked. After several days of fighting, Rommel’s Afrika Korps were annihilated and Rommel had fled Africa, leaving his position as Field Marshall of the German Army and suddenly going on a sick leave right before the end of his campaign. (Temple, Truman †Erwin Rommel's Last Offensive In North Africa Ended With A Whimper At Medenine†). Though Eisenhower and Montgomery developed the attack plan, they greatly disliked each other.Montgomery claimed to a reporter before a battle: â€Å"I liked Eisenhower, but I could not stand him about the place for long; his high-pitched accent, and loud talking, would drive me mad. I should say he was good probably on the political line; but he obviously knows nothing whatever about fighting† (Heydt, Bruce. â€Å"The General And The Field Marshal†) He showed his disrespect throughout the war towards Eisenhower wh o also disliked him. On one event, Montgomery told an American reporter: â€Å" I’m sorry for coming late, but I really shouldn’t have come at all. Eisenhower was infuriated by his remark. Eisenhower remarked, â€Å"Montgomery is a skilled and successive general, but very conceited† (Heydt, Bruce. â€Å"The General And The Field Marshal†) Even after the battle of El Alamein, the two refused to get along, but cooperated during the war solely for the good of their own countries. The battle of El Alamein was a huge turning point in WWII. It was the first major victory claimed by the allies who had been being continuously pushed back by the Axis during the previous battles (â€Å"The Battle of El Alamein†).Rommel, the â€Å"Desert Fox† (because of his sneaky and surprising strategies that often shocked his opponents, â€Å"The Battle of El Alamein â€Å") had proved to be a worthy opponent during the war, due to his high-caliber strategies an d his intimidating, risk-taking nature. And the battle itself was consisted of major generals who could not get along but managed to pull together for the sake of the allies. El Alamein was truly a great battle, it was not simply just about which side had the greater number of arms and men, but more about matching and complying with the strategy and mentality of the opponent.